Parameter selection of cerium oxide anodic electrodeposition on screen-printed carbon electrodes using response surface methodology for nucleic acid based biosensors

Original scientific paper

Authors

  • Clianta Yudin Kharismasari Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2933-5362
  • Ari Hardianto Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia and Study Center of Sensor and Green Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6065-5437
  • Muhammad Ihda Hamlu Liwaissunati Zein Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6656-7315
  • Salma Nur Zakiyyah Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0985-5980
  • Yeni Wahyuni Hartati Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia and Study Center of Sensor and Green Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1463-6352
  • Irkham Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9938-2931

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5599/jese.3077

Keywords:

Ceria layer, parameter optimization, RNA immobilization, guanine oxidation

Abstract

Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) modified with cerium oxide (ceria) have attracted considerable attention due to their outstanding stability and electrochemical performance, making them promising candidates for sensor and biosensor applications. However, the anodic electrodeposition of ceria on SPCEs involves multiple parameters that may strongly influence film formation and electrochemical behaviour, yet these factors have not been systematically optimized. This study aimed to determine and optimize the key parameters affecting anodic electrodeposition of ceria on SPCEs using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and res­ponse surface methodology. All four main parameters, namely UV irradiation time, distance between the SPCE and UV lamp, cerium nitrate concentration and the number of CV cycles, significantly influence the anodic electrodeposition process of ceria, shown by the statistical analysis (p <0.05). The optimized SPCE/ceria electrode exhibited improved electrochemical performance, with an average peak current of 44.158 μA and a relative standard deviati-on (RSD) of 2.68 %. This optimized SPCE/ceria was subsequently tested for guanine oxide­tion using differential pulse voltammetry with an immobilized RNA probe and produced good repeatability with an RSD value of 2.37 %. The findings underscore the importance of parameter optimization to enhance the reproducibility and sensitivity of SPCE/ceria electrodes, demonstrating their strong potential for future biosensing applications.

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Published

30-03-2026

Issue

Vol. 16 (2026)

Section

Bioelectrochemistry

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Copyright (c) 2026 Clianta Yudin Kharismasari, Ari Hardianto, Muhammad Ihda Hamlu Liwaissunati Zein, Salma Nur Zakiyyah, Yeni Wahyuni Hartati, Irkham

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Parameter selection of cerium oxide anodic electrodeposition on screen-printed carbon electrodes using response surface methodology for nucleic acid based biosensors: Original scientific paper. (2026). Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering, 16, 3077. https://doi.org/10.5599/jese.3077

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