Development of a modified electrode using magnesium ferrite/activated carbon from coffee shell for determination of paracetamol: Original scientific paper

Phan Thi Kim Thu; Phan Tu Quy; Nguyen Mau Thanh; Nguyen Quang Man; Nguyen Hai Phong; Dinh Quang Khieu

doi:10.5599/jese.3048

Authors

Phan Thi Kim Thu Tay Nguyen University, 630000, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1677-2609
Phan Tu Quy Tay Nguyen University, 630000, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-5944
Nguyen Mau Thanh Quang Binh University, 510000, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0692-4143
Nguyen Quang Man University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 530000, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-1236
Nguyen Hai Phong University of Sciences, Hue University, 530000, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5354-1052
Dinh Quang Khieu University of Sciences, Hue University, 530000, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3473-6377

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5599/jese.3048

Keywords:

Electrochemical sensor, nanocomposite, coffee husk, magnesium iron oxide, acetaminophen

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a simple and effective electrochemical sensor for detecting paracetamol (PAR) in pharmaceutical tablets. The goal was to synthesize and utilize a novel nanocomposite of magnesium ferrite, MgFe₂O₄, and activated carbon derived from coffee shells (MF/AC) as a high-performance electrode modifier. The MF/AC nanocomposite was produced using a hydrothermal method. It was characterized with techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, Raman spectroscopy and a vibrating sample magnetometer. The electrochemical activity of the MF/AC-modified glassy carbon electrode (MF/AC-GCE) for PAR oxidation was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, with parameters such as scan rate and pH examined. The optimized sensor demonstrated excellent performance with two linear detection ranges for PAR: 1.0 to 9.9 µM (R² = 0.999), and 9.9 to 47.62 µM (R² = 0.999), with a low detection limit of 0.29 µM. The method was successfully applied to analyse five commercial pharmaceutical products, showing high accuracy, acceptable recovery rates, and strong agreement with High-performance liquid chromatography validation results. The developed MF/AC-GCE sensor provides a simple, effective, and environmentally friendly approach for the electrochemical detection of paracetamol. Its impressive performance suggests potential applications in pharmaceutical quality control and clinical diagnostics, offering a practical alternative to more complex analytical techniques.

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References

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Development of a modified electrode using magnesium ferrite/activated carbon from coffee shell for determination of paracetamol

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