From nanoscale to clinic: The growing impact of nanotechnology in translational drug delivery

Review paper

Authors

  • Ronny Vargas Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica and Pharmaceutical Research Institute (INIFAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7319-6145
  • Fabiola Martos-Kikut Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica and Pharmaceutical Research Institute (INIFAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1371-7275
  • Noelia Martinez-Martinez Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine “López-Neyra” (IPBLN-CSIC), Granada, Spain https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0079-4353
  • Esteban Lara-Guerrero Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica and Pharmaceutical Research Institute (INIFAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9142-7744
  • Catalina Lizano-Barrantes Pharmaceutical Research Institute (INIFAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica and Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1690-631X
  • Jorge Andrés Pacheco-Molina Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica and Pharmaceutical Research Institute (INIFAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4225-1839
  • Miquel Romero-Obon Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5183-5142
  • Khadija Rouaz-El-Hajoui Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7819-2773
  • Encarna García-Montoya Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-5586
  • Pilar Pérez-Lozano Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6899-066X
  • Carlos Suñe Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine “López-Neyra” (IPBLN-CSIC), Granada, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7991-0458
  • Marc Suñe-Pou Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0730-3077

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5599/admet.3495

Keywords:

Nanomedicine, clinical translation, regulatory approval, innovative drug carriers, advanced therapeutics

Abstract

Background and purpose: From the early use of liposomes in the 1960s to modern nucleic acid delivery platforms, nanotechnology has shown its value in drug delivery and diagnostic applications. A wide range of nanostructures has been investigated for drug delivery, including inorganic, polymeric and lipid-based nanomaterials. While some of these nanomaterials have reached more advanced stages of clinical development, some even reaching commercialization, new alternatives are continuously being explored. Approach: This review describes the different categories of nanomaterials being used as nanocarriers and provides concrete representative examples of commercially approved products. Key results: Current trends of nanotechnology developments in the pharmaceutical market largely focus on the treatment of cancer, infectious diseases, central nervous system disorders and cardiovascular diseases. At the same time, lipid nanoparticle platforms are gaining relevance in current development pipelines. However, some of the main challenges limiting clinical translation include manufacturability, scale-up, long-term stability, regulatory uncertainty, intellectual property issues and the lack of representative preclinical study models. Conclusion: Nanotechnology has become a fundamental breakthrough in medicine, especially for advanced therapies such as gene silencing or gene editing alternatives. All things considered, no universal nanocarrier fits all biomedical applications; the evolution of the field depends on several platforms demonstrating their individual potential.

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27-07-2026

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Vol. 14 (2026)

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Pharmaceutics

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Copyright (c) 2026 Ronny Vargas, Fabiola Martos-Kikut, Noelia Martinez-Martinez, Esteban Lara-Guerrero, Catalina Lizano-Barrantes, Jorge Andrés Pacheco-Molina, Miquel Romero-Obon, Khadija Rouaz-El-Hajoui, Encarna García-Montoya, Pilar Pérez-Lozano, Carlos Suñe, Marc Suñe-Pou

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From nanoscale to clinic: The growing impact of nanotechnology in translational drug delivery: Review paper. (2026). ADMET and DMPK, 14, Article 3495. https://doi.org/10.5599/admet.3495

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