Poly(asparagine)-modified duplex stainless steel composite carbon paste electrode for selective electrochemical detection of dopamine

Original scientific paper

Authors

  • Shashanka Rajendrachari Department of Chemistry, Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore-560098, Karnataka, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6705-763X
  • Hareesha Nagarajappa Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6289-6119
  • Varun Donnakatte Neelalochana Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano, 77, Trento 38123, Italy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2433-1889
  • Rakshitha Gattavadipura Shivaraju Department of Chemistry, SJCE, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru-570 006, Karnataka, India https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1984-8587
  • Ersin Demir Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03100, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9180-0609
  • Santhy Antherjanam Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam 690525, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7748-7975
  • Kazim Erden Karaoglanli Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Bartin University, Bartin 74110, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5431-2585

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5599/jese.3157

Keywords:

Catecholamine, voltametric determination, mechanical alloying, asparagine polymer

Abstract

Dopamine (DA) is a vital neurotransmitter used in clinical diagnostics and neurochemical studies. In this article, a robust, accurate, and highly sensitive method for determining DA using a duplex stainless steel (DSS)-modified carbon paste electrode (MCPE) and cyclic voltammetry is reported. To improve the sensitivity of the DSS-MCPE, the electrode was polymerized via 10 potential cycles using asparagine, a non-essential amino acid, thereby forming poly(asparagine) on the electrode surface. This polymerized electrode surface acts as a selective barrier to DA and enables the DSS-MCPE to detect DA accurately, even in the presence of interfering molecules such as ascorbic and uric acids, which have overlapping oxidation potentials. Compared with the bare carbon paste electrode (BCPE) and DSS-MCPE, poly(asp)-DSS-MCPE exhibits excellent electrochemical behaviour, a higher oxidation peak current, and improved electron transfer kinetics. The effects of variations in scan rate, pH, and DA concentration on the electrocatalytic behaviour of poly(asp)-DSS-MCPE were investigated. Also, the electrode active surface area was calculated, and the limit of detection, limit of quantification, and number of electrons and protons involved in electro­chemical reactions were determined. The ease of fabrication, cost-effectiveness, and robust performance of poly(asp)-DSS-MCPE make it a promising electrocatalyst for detecting DA and other bioactive molecules, without interference from interfering molecules.

 

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Published

23-02-2026

Issue

Vol. 16 (2026)

Section

Electroanalytical chemistry

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Copyright (c) 2026 Shashanka Rajendrachari, Hareesha Nagarajappa, Varun Donnakatte Neelalochana, Rakshitha Gattavadipura Shivaraju, Ersin Demir, Santhy Antherjanam, Kazim Erden Karaoglanli

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Poly(asparagine)-modified duplex stainless steel composite carbon paste electrode for selective electrochemical detection of dopamine: Original scientific paper. (2026). Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering, 16, 3157. https://doi.org/10.5599/jese.3157

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