Tunable electrochemical properties of polyaniline/CuO/BaTiO3 nanocomposites for supercapacitor application: Original scientific paper

Geethu Joseph; Aryadevi Gopinath; Veena Ros  Mathew; Alex Jose; Alex Joseph; Santhosh Kumar Raghavan Pillai; Esha Devaraj  Suja; Ginson P.  Joseph

doi:10.5599/jese.2998

Authors

Geethu Joseph Material Science Research Lab, Department of Physics, St. Thomas College Palai, Kerala 686574, India https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6898-4392
Aryadevi Gopinath Department of Physics, CMS College (Autonomous), Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2418-9874
Veena Ros Mathew Material Science Research Lab, Department of Physics, St. Thomas College Palai, Kerala 686574, India https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2304-8488
Alex Jose Material Science Research Lab, Department of Physics, St. Thomas College Palai, Kerala 686574, India https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0015-6353
Alex Joseph Department of Chemistry, Newman College, Thodupuzha, Idukki, Kerala ,685585, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2008-0891
Santhosh Kumar Raghavan Pillai Department of Physics, St. George’s College Aruvithura, Kottayam, Kerala, 686122, India https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9081-2456
Esha Devaraj Suja Material Science Research Lab, Department of Physics, St. Thomas College Palai, Kerala 686574, India https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5877-1582
Ginson P. Joseph Material Science Research Lab, Department of Physics, St. Thomas College Palai, Kerala 686574, India https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3846-2643

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5599/jese.2998

Keywords:

Dielectric, ferroelectric ceramics, polyaniline matrix, energy storage, specific capacitance

Abstract

Revolutionizing energy storage demands innovative strategies that transcend the conventional boundaries of electrode design. Here, we unveil a powerful approach that harnesses the synergistic interplay between dielectric and conductive nanophases to unlock unprecedented charge storage performance in polymeric supercapacitors. By individually synthesizing copper oxide (CuO) and barium titanate (BaTiO₃) nanoparticles and strategically embedding them into a polyaniline (PANI) matrix, we engineered two finely tuned ternary nanocomposites: PCB5 (10 wt.% CuO, 5 wt.% BaTiO₃) and PCB10 (5 wt.% CuO, 10 wt.% BaTiO₃). Advanced structural and spectroscopic analyses (X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Ramanspectroscopy) confirmed the successful integration of the nanophases, while dielectric studies revealed distinct variations in dielectric constant and interfacial polarization behaviour depending on nanoparticle ratios. Among the composites, PCB5 showed the most balanced electrochemical performance, with a specific capacitance of 271.67 F g^-¹, outperforming pristine PANI and its BaTiO₃-rich counterpart. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy further confirmed the low series and charge-transfer resistances of the PCB5 composite sample, reflecting its efficient ion/electron transport pathways. Furthermore, BET analysis showed an increased surface area (31.37 m² g^-¹) compared to pristine PANI (24.08 m² g^-¹), providing additional electroactive interfaces for charge accumulation. These findings establish, for the first time, a dielectric-conductive co-engineering paradigm in PANI nanocomposites, where carefully optimized filler ratios act as a dual-function booster of both dielectric constant and electrochemical kinetics. This extraordinary synergy paves the way for transformative next-generation high-energy, high-power supercapacitors with tunable multifunctionality.

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Tunable electrochemical properties of polyaniline/CuO/BaTiO₃ nanocomposites for supercapacitor application

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