ZnFe2O4 nanoparticle-modified screen-printed electrode for determination of serotonin in the presence of dopamine and tryptophan
Original scientific paper
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5599/admet.3504Keywords:
Neurotransmitters, amino acids, voltammetryAbstract
Background and purpose: An easy, accurate, faultless, meteoric and inexpensive methodology has to be created for determining important compounds serotonin (SRT), dopamine (DPE) and tryptophan (TPT). Experimental approach: This work explored the use of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles to construct a ZnFe2O4 nanoparticle-modified screen-printed electrode (ZFO/SPE) sensor for analysing the biomolecule SRT in the presence of DPE and TPT. The results show that ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles can greatly enhance electron-transfer kinetics and exhibit high electrocatalytic activity, making them a useful tool for biomolecule analysis. For detection, differential pulse and cyclic voltammetry have been used to analyse the electrochemical treatment of the analytes. Key results: Under optimal conditions, the calibration curve of current versus SRT concentration in the range of 0.06 to 400.0 µM is linear. The obtained limit of detection is 0.02 µM. By employing this sensing system in detecting SRT, DPE and TPT in human urine and pharmaceutical samples to examine their feasibility for practical applications. The recovery percentage analysis for the real sample was found to be in the range of 96.9 to 103.5. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ZFO/SPE possesses the features of good stability, reproducibility and repeatability for the regular detection of SRT, DPE and TPT.
Downloads
References
[1] M. Nikbakhtzadeh, S. Bordbar, S. Seyedi, M. Ranjbaran, G. Ashabi, A. Kheradmand. Significance of neurotransmitters in cerebral ischemia: understanding the role of serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, and GABA in stroke recovery and treatment. Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 25 (2025) 211-229. https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249302594240801171612 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249302594240801171612
[2] [2] I.B. Carneiro, A.E. Toscano, D.C. Lacerda, M.D. da Cunha, R.M. De Castro, T.C. de Jesus, J.M. Medeiros. L-tryptophan administration and increase in cerebral serotonin levels: systematic review. European Journal of Pharmacology 836 (2018) 129-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.08.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.08.009
[3] L. Meng, W. Liu, Y. Niu, X. Lv, T. Jin, G. Wang, Z. Sun, Y.M. Wang, Y. Yang, Y. Wang. Advances in Real-Time Electrochemical Monitoring of Neurotransmitter Dynamics in Drosophila. ACS Chemical Neuroscience 17(11) 2026 2037-2048. https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00960 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00960
[4] T. Wang, M. Wöhr. Serotonin’s fundamental role in early social development: Socio-affective communication through ultrasonic vocalizations, maternal affiliation, and the bidirectional nature of mother-infant interactions. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 187 (2026) 106747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106747 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106747
[5] Z.N. Yurtsever, S. Capuani, M. Fratini, C. Nicaise, Y. Salman, B. Hanseeuw, G.A. Carlesimo, E.C. Latagliata, R. Coccurello. Norepinephrine and dopamine Imbalance in the medial frontal gyrus from patients with Alzheimer's disease. IBRO Neuroscience Reports 20 (2026) 94-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2026.01.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2026.01.001
[6] W.K. Chan, S.J. Shiadeh, C. Mallard, M. Ardalan. Tiny infections, big consequences: early-life bacteria, tryptophan–serotonin disruption, and autism-like traits. Neuroscience Applied 5 (2026) 106981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2026.106981 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2026.106981
[7] N.A. Salman, I.A. Jassem, I.N. Taeb, A simple UiO-66-NH2@ MWCNTs based electrochemical sensor for the sensitive detection of metronidazole. ADMET and DMPK. 13(6) (2025) 2940. https://doi.org/10.5599/admet.2940 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5599/admet.2940
[8] L.F. Castro, F. d’Orlyé, A. Varenne. Screen-printed electrodes as active microreactors for electrochemical sample pretreatment and disease screening. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 202 (2026) 118953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2026.118953 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2026.118953
[9] R. Muslim Muhibes, F. Khazaal, Q.M. Salih, Ra R. di Karabat, Electrochemical determination of calcium folinate in the presence of methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil using UiO-66/CdS composite modified screen-printed carbon electrode. ADMET and DMPK 13(6) (2025) 2897. https://doi.org/10.5599/admet.2897 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5599/admet.2897
[10] N. Ahmad, S. Al-Hasnaawei, S. Sahoo, V. Abbot, A.S. Chauhan, S. Uppal, M. Dehghanipour, Electrochemical nanosensors for early detection of childhood cancer. Clinica Chimica Acta 578 (2025) 120493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2025.120493 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2025.120493
[11] J. Leng, J. Li, J. Ren, L. Deng, Lin C. Star–block copolymer micellar nanocomposites with Mn, Zn-doped nano-ferrite as superparamagnetic MRI contrast agent for tumor imaging. Materials Letters 152 (2015) 185-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.03.120 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.03.120
[12] A.F. Shojaei, K. Tabatabaeian, S. Shakeri, F. Karimi. A novel 5-fluorouracile anticancer drug sensor based on ZnFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles ionic liquids carbon paste electrode. Sensors and Actuators B 230 (2016) 607-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.02.082 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.02.082
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmed Hameed AlSaeedi, Emad Salaam Abood, Rafah Mohammed Thyab
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
