Electropolymerized poly(methylene blue)-modified graphite electrode for phosphate detection

Original scientific paper

Authors

  • Ana Lucia Ferreira de Barros Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Physics (LaFEA), Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET/RJ), Av. Maracanã, 229, 20270-110, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7023-8282
  • Leandro Marques Samyn Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Physics (LaFEA), Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET/RJ), Av. Maracanã, 229, 20270-110, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0733-4172
  • Vernan Lima Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Physics (LaFEA), Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET/RJ), Av. Maracanã, 229, 20270-110, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0557-499X
  • Rajendran Suresh Babu Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Physics (LaFEA), Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET/RJ), Av. Maracanã, 229, 20270-110, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7747-4138

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5599/jese.3226

Keywords:

Electroanalysis, indirect sensing, electrochemical sensor, redox-active polymer, environmental monitoring

Abstract

A graphite electrode modified with an electropolymerized poly(methylene blue) (PMB) film was prepared and evaluated as an electroanalytical platform for phosphate detection in aqu­eous media. The PMB layer was deposited on graphite by potentiodynamic electro-poly­me­rization via cyclic voltammetry and characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electro­che­mical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infra­red spec­tro­scopy. Compared to the bare graphite electrode, the modified surface exhibited impro­ved interfacial electrochemical properties and an increased electroactive surface area. The elec­troanalytical response toward phosphate was investigated using differ­en­tial pulse voltam­metry (DPV), chronoamperometry and CV, revealing a linear response in the concen­tra­tion range from 50 to 475 mM, as determined from DPV and chronoampero­metric measu­re­ments. The modified electrode showed good reproducibility, low interference from common inor­ga­nic ions, and satisfactory performance in real water samples, with recovery values close to 100 %. These results demonstrate that the PMB-modified graphite electrode constitutes a sim­ple and reliable electroanalytical approach for phosphate determination in environmental samples.

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Published

23-02-2026

Issue

Vol. 16 (2026)

Section

Electroanalytical chemistry

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Copyright (c) 2026 Ana Lucia Ferreira de Barros, Leandro Marques Samyn, Vernan Lima, Rajendran Suresh Babu

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Electropolymerized poly(methylene blue)-modified graphite electrode for phosphate detection: Original scientific paper. (2026). Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering, 16, Article 3226. https://doi.org/10.5599/jese.3226

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