Can the development of batteries keep pace with the ever-increasing demands of consumers? Review paper

Zoran Mandić; Grgur  Mihalinec; Xing Xin; Mingjiong Zhou; Sanja Burazer

doi:10.5599/jese.3120

Authors

Zoran Mandić University of Zagreb Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev trg 19, Zagreb, Croaita https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4993-9396
Grgur Mihalinec University of Zagreb Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev trg 19, Zagreb, Croaita https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2373-5735
Xing Xin School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4313-3431
Mingjiong Zhou School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5833-6664
Sanja Burazer Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5266-5827

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5599/jese.3120

Keywords:

Lithium-ion, solid-state batteries, lithium metal batteries, post-lithium technologies, sodium batteries, magnesium batteries, calcium batteries

Abstract

The global production of batteries, in terms of total energy content, is continuously increasing to meet consumer demands. Many gigafactories all over the world have been established to sustain the supply chain, together with smaller production lines to meet the requirements of some specific, niche applications. China is the global leader in battery production, with a worldwide production network. While the battery supply balances their demand, their performances, which are equally important to sustain the development of the society based on renewables, increase at a slower pace than the requirements of different applications. In this article, we overview the present state of battery development, indicate major limitations of the present technologies and identify bottlenecks for their further development.

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Can the development of batteries keep pace with the ever-increasing demands of consumers?

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