Electrochemical oxidation of textile wastewater combined with 185 nm UV irradiation

Original scientific paper

Authors

  • Chao Wang College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Kecheng District, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 324000, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6662-0769
  • Penghao Tian PetroChina Dalian Petrochemical Company, Ganjingzi District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116000, China https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9179-8999

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5599/jese.2806

Keywords:

Wastewater treatment, electrochemical degradation, ultraviolet light, electrical consumption, cost assessment

Abstract

The chemical oxygen demand (COD) results obtained after electrochemical oxidation and UV irradiation could hardly meet the strict discharge standard of COD for the textile waste­water after biological treatment. To further treat the textile wastewater after biological treatment, UV light at 185 nm was used in the centre of the commercial PbO2 mesh cylinder anode with the titanium cylinder cathode in a cylinder electrolyzer. Performances of electro­chemical oxidation coupled with 185 nm UV irradiation were investigated at a pilot scale under different oxidation times, current density, initial pH, and electrolyte flow rate without addition of oxidant reagents. The experimental results show that the performance of electrochemical oxidation combined with 185 nm UV irradiation is better than that of either separately applied electrochemical oxidation or 185 nm UV irradiation. 2,4-di-tert-butyl­phenol, oleamide and octadecanamide could be effectively degraded by electrochemical oxidation combined with 185 nm UV irradiation. Under optimal operating conditions, the electrochemical oxidation with 185 nm UV irradiation could reduce the COD of textile wastewater from 74.0 to 31.0 mg L-1 with the electrical consumption of 252.86 kWh per kg of degraded COD, cost of 5.78 CNY per m³ of textile wastewater, and carbon emissions of 141.10 kg CO2 per kg of degraded COD. Future research should investigate the interaction effects of variables, as well as the integration of renewable energy and broader contaminant removal capabilities.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] A. Azanaw, B. Birlie, B. Teshome, M. Jemberie, Textile effluent treatment methods and eco-friendly resolution of textile wastewater, Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 6 (2022) 100230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2022.100230

[2] M. M. Islam, A. R. Aidid, J. N. Mohshin, H. Mondal, S. Ganguli, A. K. Chakraborty, A critical review on textile dye-containing wastewater: Ecotoxicity, health risks, and remediation strategies for environmental safety, Cleaner Chemical Engineering 11 (2025) 100165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clce.2025.100165

[3] J. O. Anyanwu, K. l. Oguzie, T. E. Ogbulie, C. Akalezi, E. E. Oguzie, Electrochemical and microbial treatment of bromophenol blue dye in aqueous solution, Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering 13 (2023) 1063-1080. https://doi.org/10.5599/jese.1882

[4] S. Li, H. Chen, Y. Li, Z. Du, L. Bin, W. Li, F. Fu, P. Li, B. Tang, Efficient removal of refractory dyestuffs from textile wastewater by composite hydrated alumina derived from waste aluminum polishing solution, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 11 (2023) 109859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.109859

[5] M. Ayaz, A. H. A. Khan, K. Song, A. Ali, S. Yousaf, A. Kazmi, A. Rashid, Integration of physio-biological methods for remediation of dyes and toxic metals from textile wastewater, Bioresource Technology Reports 29 (2025) 102044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2025.102044

[6] M. Herraiz-Carboné, S. Cotillas, E. Lacasa, M. Vasileva, C. S. D. Baranda, E. Riquelme, P. Cañizares, C. Sáez, Disinfection of polymicrobial urines by electrochemical oxidation: Removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes, Journal of Hazardous Materials 426 (2022) 128028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128028

[7] Q. Zhong, F. Chen, X. Li, F. Xu, Z. Zhang, D. Huang, D. He, Optimal degradation of typical phosphonate antiscalant in saline water in UV/electrochemical oxidation system: Kinetics and mechanism, Journal of Water Process Engineering 53 (2023) 103806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.103806

[8] J. N. Uwayezu, I. Carabante, P. V. Hees, P. Karlsson, J. Kumpiene, Validation of UV/persulfate as a PFAS treatment of industrial wastewater and environmental samples, Journal of Water Process Engineering 53 (2023) 103614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.103614

[9] Y. Liu, J. Zhu, M. Chi, G. V. Eygen, K. Guan, H. Matsuyama, Comprehensive review of nanofiltration membranes for efficient resource recovery from textile wastewater, Chemical Engineering Journal 506 (2025) 160132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.160132

[10] A. Shokri, B. Nasernejad, M. S. Fard, Challenges and future roadmaps in heterogeneous electro-Fenton process for wastewater treatment, Water, Air and Soil Pollution 234 (2023) 153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06139-5

[11] A. Shokri, K. Mahanpoor, M. N. Shoja, Using UV/ZnO process for degradation of Acid red 283 in synthetic wastewater, Bulgarian Chemical Communication 50 (2018) 27-32. http://www.bcc.bas.bg/index.html

[12] M. Roshani, D. Nematollahi, M. M. Hashemi-Mashouf, N. Mohamadighader, A. Ansari, Highly efficient electrocatalytic degradation of methylparaben using BiOx-doped Ti/β-PbO2 anode: Comprehensive electrochemical study and degradation mechanism, Electrochimica Acta 497 (2024) 144569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144569

[13] N. T. Nhan, T. L. Luu, Fabrication of novel Ti/SnO2-Nb2O5 electrode in comparison with traditional doping metal oxides for electrochemical textile wastewater treatment, Environmental Technology & Innovation 32 (2023) 103292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103292

[14] M. Rodríguez-Peña, R. Natividad, C. E. Barrera-Díaz, P. B. Hernández, C. I. A. Ramírez, G. Roa-Morales, Current perspective of advanced electrochemical oxidation processes in wastewater treatment and life cycle analysis, International Journal of Electrochemical Science 19 (2024) 100589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoes.2024.100589.

[15] M. Hamlaoui, A. Sahraoui, H. Boulebd, A. Zertal, Kinetics of three commercial textile dyes decomposition by UV/H2O2 and V/acetone processes: An experimental comparative study and DFT calculations, Journal of Molecular Liquids 383 (2023) 122212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2023.122212

[16] M. Gao, S. Yu, L. Hou, X. Ji, R. Ning, Y. Xu, L. Li, Treatment of emerging pyrrolizidine alkaloids in drinking water by UV/persulfate process: Kinetics, energy efficiency and degradation pathway, Chemical Engineering Journal 490 (2024) 151852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.151852

[17] Y. Lee, G. Lee, T. Kim, K. Zoh, Degradation of benzophenone-8 in UV/oxidation processes: Comparison of UV/H2O2, UV/persulfate, UV/chlorine processes, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 12 (2024) 111623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.111623

[18] A. Shokri, Employing UV/peroxydisulphate (PDS) activated by ferrous ion for the removal of toluene in aqueous environment: electrical consumption and kinetic study, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 102 (2020) 4478-4495. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2020.1784887

[19] A. Bayat, A. Shokri, Degradation of p-Nitrotoluene in aqueous environment by Fe(II)/peroxymonosulfate using full factorial experimental design, Separation Science and Technology 56 (2020) 2941-2950. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2020.1861016

[20] C. Li, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, Q. Huang, Electrochemical oxidation combined with UV irradiation for synergistic removal of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in water, Journal of Hazardous Materials 436 (2022) 129091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129091

[21] C. Zhang, G. Zhao, Y. Jiao, B. Quan, W. Lu, P. Su, Y. Tang, J. Wang, Critical analysis on the transformation and upgrading strategy of Chinese municipal wastewater treatment plants: Towards sustainable water remediation and zero carbon emissions, Science of The Total Environment 896 (2023) 165201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165201

[22] X. Xu, X. Cui, Y. Zhang, X. Chen, W. Li, Carbon neutrality and green technology innovation efficiency in Chinese textile industry, Journal of Cleaner Production 395 (2023) 136453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136453

[23] M. Maktabifard, H.E. Al-Hazmi, P. Szulc, M. Mousavizadegan, X. Xu, E. Zaborowska, X. Li, J. Mąkinia, Net-zero carbon condition in wastewater treatment plants: A systematic review of mitigation strategies and challenges, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 185 (2023) 113638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113638

[24] A. Shokri, B. Nasernejad, Investigation of spent caustic effluent treatment by electro-peroxone process; cost evaluation and kinetic studies, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 129 (2024) 170-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2023.08.030

[25] A. Taha, A. A. Hashmi, Synthesis, characterization, catalytic activity of Schiff base Cu-Complex and Ni-Complex for aromatic nitro compounds and methyl orange reduction, Next Materials 8 (2025) 100649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100649

[26] W. He, Z. Bai, Y. Li, W. Liu, Q. He, C. Yang, B. Yang, X. Kong, Advances in the characteristics analysis and source identification of the dissolved organic matter, Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae 36 (2016) 359-372. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2015.0117

[27] H. Yu, Y. Song, H. Gao, L. Liu, L. Yao, J. Peng, Applying fluorescence spectroscopy and multivariable analysis to characterize structural composition of dissolved organic matter and its correlation with water quality in an urban rive, Environmental Earth Sciences 73 (2015) 5163-5171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4269-y

[28] C. Wang, Y. Li, J. Wan, Y. Hu, J. Qiu, Electrochemical degradation with real textile effluent with UV using platinum-plated titanium anode, Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology 16 (2025) 54-62. https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2024.00549

[29] W. Guan, J. Cheng, D. J. Mcclements, Z. Tu, J. Chen, D. Ma, Impact of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol on pancreatic lipase activity in emulsions: Multispectral, molecular docking, and in vitro digestion analysis, Food Chemistry 470 (2025) 142730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142730

[30] J. Park, H. Yun, C. Yoon, K. Lee, K. Zoh, Suspect and non-target screening of chemicals in household cleaning products, and their toxicity assessment, Environmental Engineering Research 29 (2024) 230123. https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2023.123

[31] X. Liu, X. Zhang, M, Xiong, H. Zhang, Analysis on the characteristic organic pollutants from discharge wastewater of spent lithium batteries, Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress 41 (2022) 5619-5629. https://doi.org/10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-2486

[32] A. Rahmani, A. Shabanloo, N. Shabanloo, A mini-review of recent progress in lead dioxide electrocatalyst for degradation of toxic organic pollutants, Materials Today Chemistry 27 (2023) 101311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2022.101311

[33] D. Knozowski, M. Gmurek, Non-active anodes based on boron-doped diamond, PbO2 and SnO2-Sb for anodic oxidation of water contaminants: Synthesis, properties, and recent advances, Desalination and Water Treatment 320 (2024) 100655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100655

[34] Z. Song, Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. Zhou, Y. Chen, X. Duan, N. Ren, Kinetics study of chloride-activated peracetic acid for purifying bisphenol A: Role of Cl2/HClO and carbon-centered radicals, Water Research 242 (2023) 120274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.120274

[35] L. Chen, X. Cheng, G. Chen, Y. Wang, X. Chen, C. Yang, W. Liu, G. Kalonji, J. Ma, B. Liu, Binding interaction between chlorine and powder activated carbon driving nonradical oxidation toward diclofenac abatement: Surface-bound complexes generating on diverse sites performing diverse duties, Water Research 282 (2025) 123620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123620

[36] O. C. Olatunde, D. C. Onwudiwe, V-light assisted activation of persulfate by rGO-Cu3BiS3 for the degradation of diclofenac, Results in Chemistry 4 (2022) 100273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100273

[37] R. K. Ramakrishnan, A. Venkateshaiah, K. Grübel, E. Kudlek, D. Silvestri, V. V. T. Padil, F. Ghanbari, M. Černík, UV-activated persulfates oxidation of anthraquinone dye: Kinetics and ecotoxicological assessment, Environmental Research 229 (2023) 115910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.115910

[38] N. Cheng, F. Deng, J. Wang, L. Hu, J. Yang, S. Jiang, H. Wang, X. Ma, L. Zhao, G. Li, H. Zhang, H. Liang, Simultaneous alkali recovery, coagulant recycling and organics removal from textile wastewater via membrane electrochemical system, Separation and Purification Technology 354 (2025) 129448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.129448

[39] J. Wang, H. Liu, Y. Gao, Q. Yue, B. Gao, B. Liu, K. Guo, X. Xu, Pilot-scale advanced treatment of actual high-salt textile wastewater by a UV/O3 pressurization process: Evaluation of removal kinetics and reverse osmosis desalination process, Science of The Total Environment 857 (2023) 159725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159725

[40] A. Shokri, B. Nasernejad, Electrocoagulation process for spent caustic treatment: Optimization, sludge analysis and economic studies, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 135 (2024) 471-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2024.01.058

[41] A. Shokri, Photocatalytic degradation of nitrotoluene in synthetic wastewater by CoFe2O4/SiO2/TiO2 nanoparticles using Box-Behnken experimental design, Desalination and Water Treatment 247 (2022) 92-99. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2022.28037

[42] S. S. H. Dehshiri, B. Firoozabadi, Hydrogen penetration in textile industry: A hybrid renewable energy system, evolution programming and feasibility analysis, Energy 318 (2025) 134785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2025.134785

[43] B. Cantoni, G. Bergna, E. Baldini, F. Malpei, M. Antonelli, PFAS in textile wastewater: An integrated scenario analysis for interventions prioritization to reduce environmental risk, Process Safety and Environmental Protection 183 (2024) 437-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.01.005

[44] Y. Duan, S. Sun, J. Zhao, H. Yuan, Microplastics affect the removal of dye in textile wastewater: Adsorption capacity and its effect on coagulation behavior, Separation and Purification Technology 359 (2025) 130505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130505

Published

16-11-2025

Issue

Section

Electrochemical Engineering

How to Cite

Electrochemical oxidation of textile wastewater combined with 185 nm UV irradiation: Original scientific paper. (2025). Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering, 16, Article 2806. https://doi.org/10.5599/jese.2806

Funding data