Basil seed mucilage as a bioadhesive polymer: Development of naproxen sodium microspheres and suppositories with in-vitro and ex-vivo studies

Original scientific article

Authors

  • Devika Tripathi PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur-209305, U.P., India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6635-2389
  • Krisaly Rathour PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur-209305, U.P., India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6136-062X
  • Prashant Pandey Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow- 226025, U.P., India and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-914X
  • Ritesh Kumar Tiwari Shri Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy), Bareilly-243202, U.P., India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6970-6840
  • Awani Kumar Rai PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur-209305, U.P., India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8423-8443

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5599/admet.2372

Keywords:

Ocimum basilicum, mucilage, bioadhesive, drug solubility, colorectal administration, drug delivery
Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Background and purpose: The study explores basil seed mucilage as a bioadhesive carrier for naproxen sodium, demonstrating its ability to enhance solubility when administered rectally. The mucilage, derived from Ocimum basilicum seeds, showed bioadhesive properties and thermal stability, as confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Experimental approach: Microspheres were prepared using a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique, varying polymer ratios to optimize drug delivery. Key results: Particle size analysis revealed a range of 456±0.51 to 712±0.21 µm, with larger microspheres formed at higher mucilage concentrations due to increased viscosity. Encapsulation efficiency ranged from 45.01±0.25 % to 79.4±0.93 %, improving with higher basil/alginate ratios. The superior batch, OBM5, showed excellent mucoadhesive qualities in ex-vivo assays, attributed to the increased polymer content, facilitating interaction with rectal mucosa. SEM analysis of OBM5 indicated a spherical, monolithic structure conducive to free flow. Drug release was efficient, with OBM5 achieving 88.7±1.3 % after 7 hours, indicating a control­led release profile. Conclusion: Incorporated into polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 suppositories, suppose­tories were completely disintegrated in buffer solution within 25 minutes. The bioadhesive force of basil seed mucilage on rectal mucosa was significantly enhanced, reaching 6.44±0.58 g, correlating with mucilage concentration. These findings underscore the efficacy of basil seed mucilage as a bioadhesive biopolymer for rectal drug delivery systems.

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Published

03-10-2024 — Updated on 03-10-2024

How to Cite

Tripathi, D., Rathour, K., Pandey, P., Tiwari, R. K., & Rai, A. K. (2024). Basil seed mucilage as a bioadhesive polymer: Development of naproxen sodium microspheres and suppositories with in-vitro and ex-vivo studies : Original scientific article. ADMET and DMPK, 12(6), 881–901. https://doi.org/10.5599/admet.2372

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Pharmaceutics